General
Explore LARUS Foundation articles on internet governance, digital inclusion, networking, cybersecurity, and the policies shaping an open internet.
IPv4 Supply and Demand 2026: Prices, Transfers & Waiting Lists
Explore IPv4 supply and demand in 2026 through market pricing, transaction activity, transfers and RIR waiting lists—and why lower prices do not mean IPv4 demand has disappeared.
How to Investigate an IP Address Conflict: DHCP, Static IPs and IPAM
An IP address conflict occurs when devices on the same network link attempt to use the same IP address without an intentional mechanism for sharing it. The result can be interrupted connections, unreachable services or an operating-system warning.
What 2026 ASN Data Tells Us About Network Growth and Internet Decentralisation
Explore what 2026 Autonomous System Number data reveals about Internet network growth, BGP routing, regional differences, 32-bit ASN adoption and decentralisation.
How DDoS Attacks Use IP Addresses: Botnets, Spoofing and Traffic Flooding Explained
Learn how DDoS attacks use IP addresses, botnets, spoofed source IPs and reflection attacks to flood targets, and why blocking one IP is rarely enough.
RPKI Adoption in 2026: What the Data Reveals About Routing Security
Explore 2026 RPKI adoption data, including ROA coverage, ROV deployment and regional differences, and what the trends mean for IPv4 routing security
What 2026 IPv4 Transfer Data Reveals About Address Reuse and Market Demand
Explore what 2026 IPv4 transfer data reveals about address reuse, market demand, block fragmentation, registry records, and the changing lifecycle of IPv4 resources.
What Is Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)? How It Works, Examples and How to Prevent It
Cross-Site Scripting happens when attacker-controlled input reaches a webpage in a way that allows the browser to treat it as executable content.
What Is IP Address Registration? IP Registry Records Explained
Learn what IP address registration is, how IPv4 and IPv6 registry records work, what WHOIS and RDAP show, and how registration differs from allocation, routing, and IPAM.
What Is SQL Injection? How It Works, Examples and How to Prevent It
SQL injection, commonly shortened to SQLi, is a web application vulnerability that occurs when user-controlled input is allowed to interfere with a database query.
Internet Governance in Practice: How Decisions Shape the Internet
The processes through which these different participants develop rules, coordinate shared resources, establish technical standards, and resolve competing interests are broadly described as Internet governance.
What Is RAID? How It Works and Why RAID Is Important for Data Storage
RAID allows multiple physical drives to work together as one logical storage system. Depending on the RAID configuration, the goal may be better performance, greater storage capacity, protection against drive failure, or a balance of all three.
IP Address Registry vs IPAM: What Is the Difference?
An IP address registry and an IP Address Management system (IPAM) both contain information about IP addresses, but they serve different purposes. An IP address registry helps coordinate Internet number resources and maintain registration information, while IPAM helps an organisation plan, assign, track, and manage the IP addresses used inside its own networks.